VFR
Visual Flight Rules
Last updated: April 20, 2026 · Maintained by Aviatr Editorial Team
What is VFR?
VFR (Visual Flight Rules) is the set of EASA operating rules that allow a pilot to navigate and maintain separation by direct visual reference to terrain and other aircraft, provided minimum visibility and cloud-clearance standards for the relevant airspace class are met on the intended route.
How is VFR used?
VFR flying is the entry point to aviation: all PPL and LAPL holders begin under VFR and many pilots spend their entire flying lives there. Before every VFR flight the pilot checks that the current METAR and forecast TAF meet or exceed the airspace-specific minimums — for example, in European Class G below 3,000 feet, the minimum visibility is 5 km with cloud clearance 'clear of cloud, surface in sight'. VFR pilots use pilotage (ground-feature navigation), dead reckoning, and basic radio navigation; they self-announce position at uncontrolled airfields and request clearances in controlled airspace. At night or above 10,000 feet additional rules apply, and VFR-on-top is prohibited above certain altitudes under EASA. When weather closes in below VFR minimums, a non-instrument-rated pilot must turn back, land, or hold. Flight schools build weather decision-making into every dual navigation lesson as a core PPL safety skill.