Human Performance and Limitations

Human Performance and Limitations (HPL) examines the physiological and psychological factors that affect pilot performance and safety. Topics include the human senses and their limitations (vision, hearing, spatial orientation), hypoxia and hyperventilation, the effects of altitude on the body, CO poisoning, fatigue and sleep, stress and workload management, decision-making models (DECIDE, DODAR), human error theory, crew resource management principles, situational awareness, and the role of automation. HPL also covers drugs, alcohol, and medication effects on flying ability. Although lighter on calculations than Navigation, HPL requires a thorough understanding of how human factors contribute to accidents. Real-world application — recognising your own limitations and the signs of incapacitation — is central to the subject. Strong candidates connect theory to specific accident case studies.

Sample questions