IFR
Instrument Flight Rules
Last updated: April 20, 2026 · Maintained by Aviatr Editorial Team
What is IFR?
IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) is the set of EASA operating rules that allow a pilot with an Instrument Rating to operate in all weather conditions by reference to instruments and ATC separation, independent of outside visibility. IFR is required above certain altitudes, in controlled airspace class A, and whenever VFR minimums are not met.
How is IFR used?
IFR opens European skies at their fullest: an IFR-rated pilot files a flight plan using airways, departs on a Standard Instrument Departure (SID), cruises at assigned flight levels, and arrives via a Standard Arrival (STAR) and instrument approach. ATC provides separation, radar service, and routing clearances throughout. Acquiring an Instrument Rating requires around 50 hours of instrument instruction plus a theoretical knowledge exam covering weather, navigation aids, and instrument procedures. Commercial and airline operations fly almost exclusively IFR. For private pilots, an Instrument Rating is often the second major certification after the PPL because it dramatically expands weather-capable flying windows across northern Europe. From roughly 60 percent of days flyable under VFR in northern Europe, proper IFR training and equipment expand the window to well over 95 percent of days annually for certified operations. EASA Part-FCL sets minimum flight hours and recency requirements that an Instrument Rating holder must meet to keep the privileges current.